Asian Women in the Eyes of Americans Essay example -- Asian Studies Res

Presentation The historical backdrop of Asian ladies has numerous aspects. I am going to address two key fantastic focuses over a multi year length that have molded the perspectives on Asian ladies according to Americans. As a short diagram, from as right on time as the 1940s, Asian ladies were selected to serve their fighters during World War II as sex slaves. After forty years, the unfolding of the 1980s achieved the craving of Asian ladies into American families and started the international wife wonder. The start of another century has modified the lives of Asian ladies, in parts of Asia just as in the United States of America. I will give you a brief look into their consistently lives in their nation of origin and site perceptions to their walks into the American workforce today. Let me divulge the lives of Asian ladies . . . past, present, and future. Solace Women During World War II, a huge number of ladies from all pieces of Asia were constrained into sexual subjection by the Japanese armed force to â€Å"serve† warriors on the forefronts. These poor young ladies, for the most part known as â€Å"comfort women†, were selected, grabbed, sold, tempted, and beguiled with the guarantee of well-paying employments to serve their fighters. 80% of the evaluated 100,000 to 200,000 â€Å"comfort women† of WWII were Korean young ladies and ladies. These tragic casualties were positioned in â€Å"comfort stations† all through Asia and the South Pacific. Detainees in these stations were dependent upon every day degrations, for example, physical and obnoxious attack, rehashed assaults, hard work, and once in a while murder. The ladies drafted as â€Å"comfort women† had a controlled calendar. To much amazement, every lady needed to serve twenty to forty men per day at a pace of a man each t... ...l arrive at a similar degree of regard in an additional sixty years. The over a significant time span lives of Asian ladies have been uncovered, presently I am restless to perceive what the future uncovers. Works Cited Kumar, Nita, ed. Ladies As Subjects. US: University Press of Virginia, 1994. Lee, Rose J., and Clark, Cal, ed. Vote based system and the Status of Women in East Asia. US: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2000. Stetz, Margaret, and Oh, Bonnie B.C., ed. Inheritances of the Comfort Women of World War II. US: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2001. â€Å"Tajik Forum Urges Laws on Violence Against Central Asian Women.† Global News Wire. 2003. 27 November 2003. (LexisNexis) â€Å"Why I Recommend Asian Women.† 2003. 05 December 2003. http://www.heart-of-asia.org/gen/whyasia.html â€Å"Women of Color Make Big Strides in the Workforce.† Star Tribune. 2003. 01 August 2003. (LexisNexis) Asian Women in the Eyes of Americans Essay model - Asian Studies Res Presentation The historical backdrop of Asian ladies has numerous aspects. I am going to address two key fantastic focuses over a multi year length that have molded the perspectives on Asian ladies according to Americans. As a short diagram, from as right on time as the 1940s, Asian ladies were enrolled to serve their fighters during World War II as sex slaves. After forty years, the unfolding of the 1980s achieved the craving of Asian ladies into American family units and started the international wife wonder. The start of another century has adjusted the lives of Asian ladies, in parts of Asia just as in the United States of America. I will give you a brief look into their consistently lives in their nation of origin and site perceptions to their walks into the American workforce today. Let me uncover the lives of Asian ladies . . . past, present, and future. Solace Women During World War II, a huge number of ladies from all pieces of Asia were constrained into sexual subjection by the Japanese armed force to â€Å"serve† fighters on the cutting edges. These poor young ladies, for the most part known as â€Å"comfort women†, were selected, abducted, sold, tempted, and beguiled with the guarantee of well-paying occupations to serve their fighters. 80% of the assessed 100,000 to 200,000 â€Å"comfort women† of WWII were Korean young ladies and ladies. These shocking casualties were positioned in â€Å"comfort stations† all through Asia and the South Pacific. Detainees in these stations were dependent upon day by day degrations, for example, physical and boisterous attack, rehashed assaults, hard work, and some of the time murder. The ladies drafted as â€Å"comfort women† had a controlled timetable. To much bewilderment, every lady needed to serve twenty to forty men per day at a pace of a man each t... ...l arrive at a similar degree of regard in an additional sixty years. The at various times lives of Asian ladies have been disclosed, presently I am on edge to perceive what the future uncovers. Works Cited Kumar, Nita, ed. Ladies As Subjects. US: University Press of Virginia, 1994. Lee, Rose J., and Clark, Cal, ed. Popular government and the Status of Women in East Asia. US: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2000. Stetz, Margaret, and Oh, Bonnie B.C., ed. Heritages of the Comfort Women of World War II. US: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2001. â€Å"Tajik Forum Urges Laws on Violence Against Central Asian Women.† Global News Wire. 2003. 27 November 2003. (LexisNexis) â€Å"Why I Recommend Asian Women.† 2003. 05 December 2003. http://www.heart-of-asia.org/gen/whyasia.html â€Å"Women of Color Make Big Strides in the Workforce.† Star Tribune. 2003. 01 August 2003. (LexisNexis)

Cause and Effect Essay - The Causes of Terror :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Causes of Terror  There are (at any rate) three sorts of reasons for radical Islamic fear based oppression:  I. Perspective: The Religious Rationale ii. Social and Political Conditions: Cultures of Despair iii. Means: The Enabling Conditions  The Bush organization has examined just the third: The implies that empower assaults to be done. These include: administration (e.g., canister Laden), have nations, preparing offices and bases, money related support, cell association, data systems, etc. These do exclude the first and second on the rundown.  I. Perspective: Religious Rationale  The inquiry that continues being posed in the media is, The reason do they despise us so much? It is significant at the start to isolate out moderate to liberal Islam from radical Islamic fundamentalists, who don't speak to most Muslims.  Radical Islamic fundamentalists detest our way of life. They have a perspective that is contrary with the way that Americans-and different westerners-live their lives. One piece of this world view concerns ladies, who are to shroud their bodies, reserve no privilege to property, etc. Western sexuality, mores, music, and ladies' uniformity all damage their qualities, and the overall pervasiveness of American social items, similar to films and music, affronts them. A subsequent part concerns religious government: they accept that legislatures ought to be run by exacting Islamic law by ministers. A third concerns blessed locales, similar to those in Jerusalem, which they accept ought to be under Islamic political and military control. A fourth concerns the business and military attacks by Westerners on Islamic soil, which they compare to the intrusion of the abhorred crusaders. As far as they can tell, our way of life spits even with theirs. A fifth concerns jihad-a sacred war to secure and shield the confidence. A 6th is the possibility of a saint, a man ready to forfeit himself for the reason. His prize is endless wonder an unfathomable length of time in paradise encompassed by willing youthful virgins. Now and again, there is a guarantee that his family will be dealt with by the network.  ii. Social and Political Conditions: Cultures of Despair Most Islamic would-be saints share these convictions as well as experienced childhood in a culture of hopelessness: they don't have anything to lose. Dispose of such neediness and you wipe out the reproducing ground for psychological oppressors. At the point when the Bush organization discusses dispensing with fear, it doesn't have all the earmarks of being looking at taking out societies of sadness and the social conditions that lead one to need to surrender one's life to suffering.

Essay Sample With Thesis Statement

Essay Sample With Thesis StatementDo you know how to write essays with thesis statement? If not, it is a good idea to brush up on what this kind of essay entails so that you can use it properly.You may have a thesis statement in your mind but it may not be a good idea to write it all out. For example, if your topic is to write an essay about the state of the country, writing an essay about the things the country has done in the past would be a better idea. This will help you when it comes time to write your essay.Have a clearly defined subject matter in mind before you begin writing. This will make it easier for you to figure out the essay itself. Once you have established your topic, you can begin writing your essay.Do not use any form of the word shortcut. This is because many people do this when they are trying to impress others. Use proper English grammar and spell correctly. If you are not familiar with the rules, use a free tutorial for your local college or university.Let your ideas flow when you are writing your essay. Do not be afraid to draw out ideas and put them in their own words. Doing this will show your readers that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to expressing yourself through writing.Place the beginning of your essay on the right side of the page. This is because most people start on the left side. On the left side of the page, you will place the title of your essay. The title is the first thing your reader will see when he opens the paper.Do not repeat yourself when you are looking at essay samples with thesis statement. When you are writing an essay, it is important to speak to the point. Repeat yourself for the sake of repetition and it will annoy your readers.Your main idea in your essay should be about one paragraph. Do not keep it long and allow your reader to get excited when he or she has gotten a piece of information from your essay. Keep in mind that people will be able to follow the idea of your essay when you allow them to get one piece of information before moving on to the next.

2020 Presidential Candidates - List and Bios

Planning A Youth Centre Within A Suburb Of 5000 People And...

1. INTRODUCTION Needs Assessment (NA) is a systematic set of approaches that is used to establish the needs of a community by identifying; at-risk groups, risk factors associated with the health and establishing resources available in the community that can be used to mitigate the health problem (Lebron et al. 20016, p. 111). NA therefore, requires community participation, is conducted before planning an intervention and is used to tailor interventions that suit the target population (Lebron et al. 20016, p. 111). This report will be focusing on approaches a local government will use to establish a youth-centre in a suburb of 5000 people and will focus on: 1. Community Profile 2. 2 Secondary Data sources 3. 2 Approaches of youth engagement and their strengths and limitations 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE There are certain components of the youth community the council needs to consider when planning a NA of the youth-centre: demographics, marginalised/minority groups, social-economic status (SES), cultural differences and geography, this will enable the council to build a community youth profile (Jack Holt 2008,p.54-55). First the council needs to know the range of age and gender of the youth in the community (Jack Holt 2008, p.55). This demographic information will help the council when establishing the youth-centre i.e. know what to include in the centre based on the gender and age differences (Jack Holt 2008, p.54-55). Second. identifying marginalised youth groupsShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Samsung Mobile17504 Words   |  71 PagesElectronics in turns keeps 46.0% of Samsung Card and stocks of other Samsung companies; and finally, Samsung Card holds 25.6% of Samsung Everland. The family of Lee Kun-hee owns 40% of Samsung Everland, whilst Samsung Card holds 25.6%, and related people have another 30%. Thus it is thought that Lee controls 95% of Samsung Everland. Control of one company, through the circular investment, enables the Lee family to control other Samsung companies despite having only relatively minor holdings. SportsRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesFederation of Karnataka Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FKCCI) in Bangalore. NKC would also like to thank the other important stakeholders – the ï ¬ nancial community, including angel investors and venture capitalists, educational institutions, incubation centres, business associations and other relevant institutions as well as various entrepreneurial networks – for sharing their experiences and advice on Entrepreneurship in India. At the end of this report are proï ¬ les of some entrepreneurial icons. NKC wishesRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pageshealth foods and healthy alternatives for conventional foods. It also presents opportunities for low-fat ice creams.’ Or, in analysing the demographics of the Cochlearâ„ ¢ ï ¬ rm, you may conclude that there is a global market of 1.8 million profoundly deaf people and that this provides a hu ge undeveloped market for the implantable hearing devices industry. STEP 3 THE INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT E X T E R N A L A N A LY S I S S T E P 1 W H AT INDUSTRY IS IT? You must decide on this early. This isRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesdespite some small growth. Unemployment remained high, and economic growth remained depressed. (detail needed) The social impacts of industrialisation in the 1930s were more marked. The federal initiatives in industrialisation provided many jobs to people who would otherwise have been unemployed. (examples needed).This was significant not just in terms of benefits to individuals, but also to the stability and security of America, which, it has been argued, showed much less tendency towards revolutionRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperiod from the 1870s is included in a long twentieth century (and perhaps even if it is not), migration served as a mode of escape from oppression and poverty and, in many instances, as an avenue toward advancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But for a clear majority of these migrants, movement was coerced by flight from war and oppression or was enticed by labor recruiters who preyed on the desperately poor. The prospects

Do Unto Others As You Would †Have Them Do Unto You Free Essays

Such simple words – yet how difficult it is for us to follow it. Treat one another as you would want others to treat you. You show respect in order to get respect; meaning that it really does not matter how people treat you, it’s how you treat people that do wrong to you. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Unto Others As You Would – Have Them Do Unto You or any similar topic only for you Order Now Be kind. Be patient. Be polite. Be caring. Be trustworthy. Be honest. Before you speak, mind how your words will affect the one you’re speaking to. Before you tell that lie, ask yourself if you would appreciate that person lying to you. Before you take that small, insignificant item from your workplace, restaurant, or hotel, ask yourself if you would appreciate someone coming to your home and taking something they thought was insignificant? Before you are rude and inconsiderate, think how you would feel in that situation. How would these things make you feel? If you give a person your word mean it. Try using â€Å"please† and â€Å"thank you† and â€Å"I am sorry† AND MEAN IT! Make your words mean something. If you have offended another, humble yourself and make a heart-felt apology. And then strive to not offend again. But never say you are sorry when you are not, or if you have no intention of correcting your errors. Make your words actually meaningful. Do what you say. It is called integrity. How can you change when no one else is willing? Well, here’s a bit of advice: what others do is none of OUR concern. OUR concern is with what WE do. But, you say, everybody else is rude. Fine. Does that automatically give you the right to be rude also? But, you say, everybody else lies. Fine. Do two wrongs make a right? And if it does then what is the difference between EVERBODY and YOU. EXAMPLE: Let us say that the cashier at the store is rude to you, so you are rude back. Then she is rude to the next person in line, and that person is rude back to her. Now, let’s say that, instead of being rude in return, you smile and, with love in your heart, you are kind to her. Chances are you have just stopped the cycle that would have gone on all day. It is same as- Do not do to others that which would anger you if others did it to you. † —Socrates It’s not hard to be kind. In fact being kind is almost easier, not to mention a lot more rewarding, than turning a cold shoulder. All it takes is a little effort and thought, and you’ll be spreading the love faster than a chocolate bar can melt all through your handbag on a hot summer’s day†¦ Example If you like that girl’s dress or another girl’s hair then tell her! Everyone loves a little ego stroke and by passing on your compliment you have the power to make someone’s day. You show respect in order to get respect; meaning that it really does not matter how people treat you, it’s how you treat the people that do wrong to you. So no matter what happens in life keep a clean slate for your own self respect and you will surely be rewarded for it. I know it’s not fair, but nothing in life is, except our choices. They are free and help make a great difference in this old world. How to cite Do Unto Others As You Would – Have Them Do Unto You, Papers

Next door free essay sample

Vonnegut’s style creates a very suspenseful atmosphere as it is leading to the ending which keeps the reader wanting to know what will happen next. Point of View:? Kurt Vonnegut uses Third person limited point of view because the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of Paul while the other characters are presented externally. This point of view helps to create the suspenseful mood because we don’t know what everyone is thinking. If this story was in third person omniscient we would know that the women behind the wall was not Mr Hargers wife, and the surprising effect at the end would not be there. The author uses simple diction and uses much dialogue. This use of dialogue helps is that it helps with life-likeness. The writer wants the reader to believe or at least feel that the events described in the story are real or can really happen. We will write a custom essay sample on Next door or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The last words in the story are â€Å"Word Play†. When Pauls father asked his wife what was the smell coming from the ball found in Pauls pocket†¦ ‘’Paul’s mother rolled her eyes. â€Å"Tabu,† she said. ’’? When she said Tabu it meant the perfume named Tabu but also meant Tabu in the real meaning which is excluded from use or mention. Vonnegut’s style creates a suspenseful atmosphere which gives a mood of suspense as the reader is suspicious as what is to happen next. Also, as it was overall a suspenseful story because the ending was completely unexpected. The authors attitude and tone throughout the story is suspenseful as Vonnegut takes us on an adventure when we experience Paul’s first time being left alone at home.Plot development:? Vonnegut uses an organized linear text set up. He begins the story with the Leonards deciding on leaving Paul alone while they go to a movie. From there, Vonnegut explains the sequential chain of events through the character of Paul. The main theme in this short story is the theme of Appearance VS Reality. Vonnegut clearly portrays how the character of Paul jumped to the conclusion that he thought Mr. and Mrs. Harger were arguing. Vonnegut uses the character of Paul to portray how society may have reacted in the same situation. An old house divided into two dwellings by a thin wall that passed on, with â€Å"high fidelity†, sounds on either side. The Leonards lived on the North side and the Hargers lived on the South. It is the Leonards new home an they had just recently moved in. This creates a thrilling/suspicious effect because It is the Leonards new house and the wall separating them between their neighbors is extremely thin that everything can be heard. Also the fact that it is an old house adds to this suspenseful effect.

Dantes Monsters Essays - Divine Comedy, Fiction, Literature

Dante's Monsters Essays - Divine Comedy, Fiction, Literature Dante's Monsters The monsters in Dante's Inferno are drawn almost directly from classical mythology. He creates some small demons and other beings, but the major monsters are taken from Greek and Roman lore. Dante uses monsters in his poem for many purposes. They all have specific jobs and are not just there purely to freighted the reader. Most of the jobs, that the monsters serve are in a modified municipal fashion. They are ferrymen, and guards to the prisons of hell. The monsters are not truly feared by the other characters of the story, for the people just seem to expect the monsters to do the jobs that they are doing. On the other hand, the demons that Dante creates are objects that strike fear into the hearts of those who see them. There are certain exceptions to the rule but for the most part the monsters fit this general mold. The first monster, that Dante encounters, is the ferryman Charon. Charon is not a true monster, for he is an old may with circles of flames around his eyes. The main reason that Dante fears Charon is not because he is physically imposing. It is because he is a little uneasy about his passage into the underworld and he does not know what to expect. Keep in mind that he has just passed thru the gates of hell, that are inscribed with some imposing sentences. These words cause Dante to think about whether he is going to be able to return from hell or if he is going to join the dammed. Then he approaches Charon who begins to shout at Dante and his guide Virgil. Dante is so overwhelmed by the scene that he passes out. Charon may not be a horrifying physical monster, but the mental devices that he uses on Dante and their effects, surely make him deserving of the title, monster. Charon comes directly from mythology, however he has a somewhat different job in this poem. In classical mythology , Charon is the ferryman across the river Styx. In the inferno, Dante makes him the ferryman for the river Acheron and uses another monster for the Styx which is deeper into hell. Charon is a very angry and objects to Dante's crossing the river because Dante is still alive and he still has the hope of going to heaven. Charon shouts at all the evil spirits that wish to cross the river into hell, for he is trying to speed up their decision to cross. Unfortunately, they have made this decision in their lives and consequently Divine Justice pushes them along. However, the action is still portrayed as a decision and this is why Charon encourages Dante not to make such a mistake. Virgil explains it to Dante thus: And they are eager to go across the river because Divine Justice goads them with its spur so that their fear is turned into desire. No good spirits ever pass this way and therefore, if Charon objects to youunderstand well what his words imply. (Canto 3 L124-130) What Charon's words imply are that he does not want Dante to cross into hell while he still has a chance to be saved. Dante then passes out, seemingly overwhelmed by not only the situation, and his fear of Charon but also because of the fear of his own mortality. The next monster, that Dante encounters, is the Cerberus, a three-headed dog. The Cerberus guards the gluttons at the entrance to the third circle of hell. The scene is that the gluttons are in a ditch of foul-smelling mud and are subject to eternal rain and hail. The Cerberus howls and claws them constantly and he clearly represents the sins that he is guarding. Cerberus' three heads and his insatiable appetite(he turns to Dante and Virgil and starts moving towards them until Virgil throws dirt into the three mouths and the monster's appetite is quenched) reflect the sins of the gluttons. Their situation in hell also represents their sins in life, for they are like pigs rooting around in mud. The Classical role of the Cerberus is almost the same as the way that Dante uses the monster. In classical mythology, the

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example

Domain Level Cookies JavaScript Example Web sites often have a www. sub-domain that points to the same content as the main domain. With session cookies our visitor has either accessed our site with the www. or they have accessed it without and so the fact that a cookie created for www.example.com is not accessible from example.com isnt going to matter. With first-party cookies, a visitor may very easily access our site the first time as www.example.com and the second time as example.com and so we want to create a cookie that will be accessible from both. Creating a Domain Level Cookie To make a cookie accessible from the entire domain including any sub-domains we just add a domain parameter when setting the cookie as demonstrated in this JavaScript example. You should, of course, substitute your own domain name for example.com (as example.com is a domain name specifically reserved for use in examples where it represents whatever domain name you are really using.) writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days) {var dt, expires;dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();document.cookie cnamecvalueexpires; domainexample.com;}

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Reaction paper - Essay Example Indeed, if one really thinks hard, it was right that running out of gas was made illegal because it could have been dangerous for other speeding cars. It is no wonder that car manufacturers like Volkswagen, Porsche etc. were inspired to design and create new high speed models with low friction tyres, massive engine and sensitive suspension system which could attain great speed. But today, the speed limit on autobahn is imposed because of two major reasons: increasing traffic and to promote conservation of forest land that was being adversely impacted due pollution emitted by high speeding cars. Interestingly, autobahns have seen fewer accidents as against American interstate. The reasons could probably be contributed to conscientious Germans who have great road sense and road authorities who mandate strict driving criteria for its drivers. The autobahns have inspired other countries like America to create such network of long highways which connect far away states and nations. The au tobahns of Germany have indeed become a world symbol for super highways where one can still experience the exhilaration of extreme speed. (words: 294) Reference ‘Modern Marvels – The Autobahns’. Retrieved from:

Changes in Communication Technology Impacting The Possibility of a Essay

Changes in Communication Technology Impacting The Possibility of a Global Society - Essay Example It can be reflected that the information and communication technologies being used in the present times reflect a contributive characteristic in the development of a society. This is primarily because the advanced technology provides with newer and innovative measures to communicate knowledge and information. The Arab Spring or the Arab awakening presents to a great extent the level in which the communication technology or the use of the social networking sites have contributed in the revolution being spread among the individuals. The current study focuses on the changing use of communication technology impacting the possibility of a global society, taking into reference the incident of the Arab Spring. The Media and its Development: Over the period of time on and from the 1980s, the communication and the media industry have been found to be have modified to a great extent. The media has now become a global instrument of communication reaching over the different parts of the world co mmercially. Not only is the media performing towards communicating to the world, but the global effects of the media and the communication technology have significant impacts on the societal issues related to the economics and politics of any country or nation. The media has an extensive role to play in the democratic revolutions occurring in different corners of the world. They bring into the focus of the entire community the different information in relation to the revolution (Herman & McChesney, 2001, pp.1-4). Thus the improved and advanced role of the media in the present generation can be understood to be efficient enough to communicate issues to individuals strongly such that they can be motivated and encouraged to take part in the revolution or any related steps for the good of the nation. The modification and advancement of the media and the industry over the years have been found to have certain positive implications on the society. Different cultures tend to mix up and com bine their opinions and views towards the right measures for a nation. The media acts as the voice for the societies to reach out to each other. Moreover, several values and principles can also be shared in between the different parts of the world with the proper use of the media and the technology of communication. Over the years, the technologies used for the purpose of communicating have also been changing and becoming more advanced. The newspapers, radio and television broadcasts were used to be the primary sources of communication of the media (Herman & McChesney, 2001, p.8). Today the internet has taken a huge space being a fast and easier means of communication among the individuals. The social networking sites prove to be highly demanding as well as seem to be a part of the regular lives where one can communicate anything in fractions of seconds to other individuals. The changes in development of the media and communications industry also bring about different challenges. Wi th the advancement, increases the competition between the different communicating mediums and sources. However since the importance of the media has been realized the communication and media companies are more focused towards providing their consumers with better facilities and meet their needs and

Death Penalty and Crime Rates :: Research Essays

Death Penalty and Crime Rates The question I chose for this survey was, "Do you think the death penalty deters crime or lowers the crime rate?" I chose this question because it was the most applicable question to my field of study and world of work, which is law. I think this was an interesting question to ask for two reasons. First, it has been an issue that has been hotly debated since capital punishment was incorporated into the United States' criminal justice system. Secondly, because of the two groups I focused on, I thought the answers would yield wild and controversial results. I chose to target two specific groups for my survey. The first group, made up predominantly of women, was my Monday night SNL class, Criminal Justice, Criminal Violence. I chose this group because the course content at the time dealt with the causes of criminal violence in America: poverty, lower IQ, drugs, race, broken families, etc. I felt that this group would be the more liberal of the two groups. I predicted that an overwhelming majority of the class would respond "no." The second group I targeted was a group at the company where I work which consisted primarily of men. I chose this group because my company is soundly conservative and I thought that the overall tenor of the company would accurately reflect the beliefs of individual employees. I predicted that this group would answer "yes." Further breaking down my predictions, regardless of which group the "questionee" fell into, I expected the overall response of the African-American respondents to be "no." I also expected the majority of Caucasian respondents to say "yes" with a few dissenters. Although I knew that most of the participants fell within the 25-35 year old range, I expected the few older participants (35 and above) to say "yes." I did not think marital status would have any effect on the answers. I expected the "yes" answers primarily to come from the men. Finding people to answer the survey was relatively simple. I first asked my Monday night instructor for permission to survey the class. He seemed reluctant at first, because his concern was that the class may not be educated enough on the subject matter to give accurate answers. After I explained what the paper was about and gave him a copy of our class handout, he agreed. The second group of people was at work.

The Different Motivational Theories

This model, namely expectancy theory, suggests that individuals, acting through self-interest, adopt courses of action perceived as maximizing the probability of desirable outcomes for themselves. This desire to maximize self-interest provides aspiring leaders with unique opportunities to assume leadership roles by simultaneously meeting both follower needs and organizational requirements. We intend to explicitly link expectancy theory and leadership concepts to demonstrate that leader interactions with followers permit the establishment of highly motivational working environments. In so doing, individuals acquire the means to transcend their traditional roles of supervisor, manager, or follower, and realize their potentials as leaders. In order to remain competitive at home or within the global market, we must stop relegating in our minds the functions of leadership to the office of the president or CEO of the organization. Instead, we must come to view the leadership role as part of every employee's job, at all levels of the organization. (Isaac, Zerbe & Pitt, 2001, p. 212) Since its origins in the 1960s Equity Theory held forth the promise of helping to explain how employees respond to situations in which they perceive they are being rewarded more or less favorably in comparison to a referent doing similar work. Shortly after its inception, Weick (1966) deemed it to be one of the most useful existing organizational behavior theories. Subsequent reviews concluded that the empirical evidence supporting Equity Theory was generally strong, especially with regards to how workers respond to under-reward situations. Equity Theory proposed that subjects respond to under-reward situations in various ways in an attempt to bring their equity ratio back into balance. For example, subjects may choose a behavioral response to help reduce their feelings of inequity. They may respond in such ways as reducing their inputs (i. e. , not put forth as much effort) or increasing their outcomes (i. e. , ask for a raise). Subjects may instead use a cognitive response to reduce feelings of inequity such as selecting another person to use as their referent. Ultimately the subject may choose to exit the situation by deciding to transfer or quit the organization. Allen & White, 2002) Although previous Equity Theory research has concluded that under-rewarded subjects generally respond in a manner that is consistent with classic Equity Theory, it is not easy to predict which option they will select to bring their equity ratio into balance. This lack of specificity regarding what responses individuals experiencing inequity are likely to have is a serious shortcoming of the original Equity Theory. As such, the original Equity Theory eventually fell out of favor due in part to this inability to predict exactly how individuals would respond to an under-reward situation (e. . , lower their inputs, attempt to raise their outcomes, cognitively justifying the situation, decide to leave the organization). This lack of predictive ability of Equity Theory makes it much less useful to practitioners such as managers and human resource professionals who would greatly benefit if they could accurately predict the reactions that their employees would have to different inequitable situations. Accordingly, research on the topic of Equity Theory moved off in another direction. Inspired by legal research, the procedural justice stream of research began to focus more on the processes and procedures of how pay and recognition are determined, rather than the reactions that individuals have to them. Equity Theory research became less popular and eventually withered away. (Allen & White, 2002) While changing organizational culture is not an easy process, it can be accomplished by emphasizing a commitment to the individual employee. Despite the literature's heavy emphasis on the private sector, many of the elements of Theory Z can be found in public organizations. This article describes one city's effort to change culture by emphasizing fair treatment of organizational members, employee involvement, two-way communication, employees' personal development and recognition and camaraderie. During the past decade, organizations in the American society have faced great uncertainty. The challenge of meeting the increasing competition of the Japanese and Western Europeans in the international marketplace, massive reordering of corporations through leveraged acquisitions and consolidations, and rapidly changing technology have impacted organizational life in the private sector. Public sector organizations have faced the effects of the new federalism, the Tax Reform Act of 1986, taxpayer revolts, and numerous other events and actions which have caused disruption. These demands on American organizations, especially those coming from foreign competition, have forced leaders to question their management abilities and their organizations' commitment to excel. As part of this introspection, an examination of the underlying values, beliefs, and attitudes of organizations has been undertaken, especially in the popular, non-academic literature (Watson & Burkhalter, 1992) Job Design for service employees has been categorized as a â€Å"production line† approach or an â€Å"empowerment† approach (Bowen & Lawler, 1992). The production line approach, as its name implies, is based on a Tayloristic view. It is based on four tenets — simple tasks, clear division of labor, substitution of equipment and systems for employees, and little decision-making discretion of employees. This design seeks to gain customer satisfaction through efficiency, consistency, and low costs. It is imperative with the production line job design that IT is installed as a part of that design so as to facilitate matching it to the service encounters anticipated. The number and nature of the options from which the employee chooses should then be limited to matching the constraints on their decision-making authority. Any access to additional information would not only be of no use; it would actually deter efficiency. For example, if all hamburgers are prepared to the same degree of doneness, giving a customer encounter person the option of asking a customer how he/she would like the meat cooked would slow down the process. In fast food, cash registers (which also communicate orders to the backroom) prompt order-takers through the decisions that are allowable. Thus, the more standardized the service the more easily circumscribed technologically it can be(5) because the reality of the encounter is simple and presumed to be more easily captured than encounters in which provided services are customized and the outcome of any one such encounter is variable. The more circumscribed technologically the service is, the more efficiently the service can be performed but the more dependent upon the circumscribing technology customer encounter service personnel become. Mechling & Little, 2000, p. 65) The Two-factor Theory, or Motivation and Hygiene Theory, purports to differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the job. The authors referred to the intrinsic factors as content or motivators, and they include: achievement, advancement, the work itself, responsibility, and recognition. The extrinsic factors were referred to as hygiene has and included: company policy and administration, technical supervision, working conditions, salary, and interpersonal supervision. (Maidani, 1991) the applicability of Herzberg's Two-factor Theory of job Satisfaction among public and private sector employees. The study, therefore was designed to investigate the job content (motivators or intrinsic) and job context (hygiene or extrinsic) factors contributing to job satisfaction among those employees. Furthermore, the study attempted to determine whether using this instrument would yield the same results as those of Herzberg et al. (1959) using the critical incidents techniques. Hypothesis 1 was supported. Significant differences were found due to the fact that the satisfied group values motivator significantly more than the dissatisfied group. A t-value of 1. 98 indicated that a significant difference existed between the two groups. Hypothesis 2 was not supported. No significant differences were found between the satisfied and dissatisfied employees relating to value placed on hygiene factors. Hypothesis 3 was not supported as no significant differences were found between private and public sector employees on the value placed on motivator factors. (Maidani, 1991) The expectancy theory – formulated by Edward C Tolman in the 1930s – (whereby behavior rests on the instinctive tendency for individuals to balance the value of expected benefits against the expenditure of energy) falls into the same ‘stimulus-response' approach to motivation. It demonstrates that an individual's strength of motivation can be affected by the expectations of outcomes from certain actions and further strengthened by the individuals preferred outcome, as demonstrated by Victor H. Vroom in the 1960s. Individuals are consciously self-interested in the outcomes of their actions. For example, a worker may put in extra time and effort to a project and expect to be paid more money. That is his desired reward and what he expects. If he does not receive, what he expects his motivational level will fall dramatically. Elton Mayo, in the Hawthorne experiments concluded that individuals adjusted their motivational levels to fit in with the group. The individual values the approval and acceptance of others and will conform to the groups motivational standards in order to ‘fit in'. One important point about expectancy theory is that individual perceptions can be very different, and the motivation and behavior of individuals will vary considerably. It pays, therefore, in external stimuli to bear in mind that: 1. he routes to desired outcomes for individuals and teams are clear; and 2. individuals perceive the rewards or punishments in different ways according to their own values. There is a great need to treat people as individuals but as the 50:50 rule also indicates, other motivational factors should always be set in the context of the individual's managed environment. Leaders have a vital role to play in creating a motivational environment in which their team members can excel by in turn using the motivation within themselves. To be able to do this, we as leaders need to begin by looking at ourselves and getting our contribution right before we can criticize others. (Thomas, 2004, p. 61) Process models are based on the important insight that responses to (persuasive) messages do not only take the form of controlled, capacity-intensive cognitive processes, or only the form of simple automatic processes involving little working memory. Message processing may be dominated by either form, or it may blend the two, depending on our ability and motivation to think about the substance of a message. Affective processes appear to (a) influence levels of motivation and ability to process in a thoughtful manner, (b) guide the retrieval of information from memory, and (c) provide cues to simple responses (Babrow, 1993, p. 111) Dialectical perspectives on communication also embody multiple- process theory. Of course, dialectical analyses of one sort or another have been discussed for centuries (see Adler, 1952). As numerous dialectical thinkers have pointed out, however, several themes are consistent in these writings; these themes exemplify some of the most desirable potentialities of multiple- process theory. The most elemental theme in dialectical thinking is that of opposition; â€Å"dialectic either begins or ends with some sort of intellectual conflict, or develops and resolves around such oppositions† ( Adler, 1952 , p. 350). Dialectical opposites are â€Å"mutually conditioning† (the occurrence, existence, or meaning of one pole is conditioned by its opposite) and at the same time â€Å"mutually excluding† . For instance, sound presupposes but also excludes silence, and so too for amity and enmity, motion and stillness. (Babrow, 1993, p. 15) All of these theories thrive on the perception of the individual working to better themselves in some way. They differ in their methods, some look at how the individual will work for recognition, advancement, or just for encouragement. All of these methods are effective means of making individuals and groups work more efficiently. However, it is important to point out that each method does not work for the same situation. One must be able to differentiate between the theories in order to determine the best means.

What is American Dream - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1592 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Philosophy Essay Type Research paper Level High school Tags: American Dream Essay Freedom Essay United States Essay Did you like this example? Introduction An American dream is a vision that aims at building a cohesive experience. It aims at the creation of equal opportunities for all race, gender, and age to pursue various tasks. The dream seeks to offer children same opportunities for education as well as a career without artificial barriers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is American Dream" essay for you Create order The rights of the citizen should be protected, and people should exercise their rights freely. The government should protect the people from domestic and international threats. The laws of the land should be enforced in a just manner. However, achieving the above dream is not an easy task. Hard work, dedication, patience, and resources are required. A specific strategy must be put in place to ensure that the dream is made a reality. James Truslow Adams was an American writer and historian. He began his writing career after saving enough capital to enable him to shift his career from investment banking. In his book The Epic of America, he defines the American dream as a vision where the lives of all individuals are more prosperous, better, and fuller as opposed to the situation of the society at the time. In his dream, everyone was presented with the same opportunities based on abilities of the individuals. His vision did not entail acquiring motor cars and high wages but a social order that enabled both genders to attain to the fullest stature of which the individuals are capable. It also entailed recognition of people for who they are and not based on circumstances of birth or position. However, Adams dream has changed and what he thought the country would be has changed. The following are reasons why his dream has turned, and his expectations are no longer the reality (Adams 404). Education expenses have skyrocketed in the current generation. Educating a child till she or he gets employment have become difficult especially for middle-class citizens. The government and other private school owners have taken the opportunity to exploit people in the name of education. The government has even come up with a loan program where individuals are offered capital to help them pursue education. However, there is an interest rate charged on every beneficiary of the program. As a result of this, students from average backgrounds have no option rather than acquire the loan if they have to finish school. The interest grows with time, and since these individuals cannot pay the loan at once even after getting a job, the loan accumulates burying them in debts and making their lives difficult. If the situation is analyzed critically, the conclusion is that the government is taking advantage of its poor citizen and exploiting them. When the government makes education cost high th en takes advantage of offering those who cant afford loans only to charge them high-interest rates, is a clear evidence that the American dream has changed. This is not how the visionaries projected the future to be since the idea sought to achieve equal education opportunities without artificial barriers (Canode 75). The generation present is made up of two major groups; those who are debt-free and the others. The debt-free people are the rich who have many business operations all over the country. These are owners of the big corporations where the ordinary citizens work. They are the individuals who make the rules since some of these people are politicians or have political influence. These people are the real estate owners where the poor rent and they decide when to raise the rent or lower it. The poor on the other hand have to depend on wages for survival. Most of them work in corporations where the new technology is making them more irrelevant as time goes by. Due to the reduced labor demand, competition for the available jobs increases. This leads to low payment of wages due to the surplus labor. In order to survive, these individuals are forced to take up loans to fulfill various tasks. These loans are offered at high rates that make it difficult for the poor to progress economically. The A merican dream emphasized on equal opportunities for everyone, and since this is not the case, it means that the dream has failed (Callahan 267). The citizens lives are prioritized in the American dream. People cannot perform various functions if they are unwell and weak. Therefore, proper healthcare services should be provided to all citizens. People should access these facilities when they feel sick not when they have money. The living cost has skyrocketed, and people are unable to afford healthcare facilities. Those who are employed have medical insurances. However, the medical insurance is unable to cover all the costs required for treatment. Due to this, people are forced to use their savings to carter for the remaining cost. The corporations on the hand are shifting the healthcare costs on individuals so that they can reduce expenses and increase profits. The income for these individuals has stagnated due to low demand for human labor. As a result of this, peoples lives have hardened due to increase in healthcare burden. The American vision aimed at an affordable provision of health services and the dream has failed to a chieve the above (Canode 80). A great emphasis is put on family welfare in the American dream. In the vision, the familys needs should be met at ease where one parent can work while the other one takes cares of the children. The wages of the working individual should be able to satisfy the needs of the family without other sources of income. This is the projected American dream which it is up to now. Stay-at-home parenting is a thing of the past due to the high cost of living and low wages offered in the most working environment. Both parents are forced to work while they leave their responsibilities to other individuals. They do so with the aim of increasing the revenue of the family so that the family can be able to acquire the essential commodities required and invest some for future use. While doing so, the parent-child bonding has been lost and the relationship between the two affected. It is clear that the dream has not been actualized since the projected objectives have not been achieved. Therefore, the Am erican dream has failed to meet its vision (Hauhart 148). All work with no play makes Jack a dull boy. As the saying goes, people need time away from work to refresh and involve themselves in curriculum activities. These activities help the individuals develop social skills to enable them to interact freely with each other as they spend personal time with their loved ones. During this period, people travel to different areas to undertake vacations and to refresh. During these periods, money and resources are spent as well as time. According to the American dream, people should be in a capacity to do the above. However, very few have the capability of undertaking a vacation. The capital available is insufficient for such expenditures. People would rather save than spend it for luxurious activities. People view vacations as wastage of time. Time in peoples mind is money since every minute spent doing nothing could be used to create wealth. Those who may be willing to undertake such vacations are finding themselves in a terrible place since th e corporations they work for find it difficult to release them. The reason for this is when they are away, they will be getting an income they have not worked for. In order to maintain ones job, people are doing away with vacations working throughout the year. Therefore, this shows that the American dream has failed (Callahan 258). In the American dream, the governing bodies such as the government should be at the front line of ensuring fairness for all. These institutions should ensure that there is fairness in everywhere doing whatever is necessary to achieve this. However, this is not the case. The government is suppressing the small businesses by putting up regulations that prevent them from expanding or carrying out the expected targeted activity. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, are unable to start up their ideas. Through this, the big and established companies benefit since there is reduced competition from the new businesses. Through this, the American dream is dying since these government regulations have increased the poverty levels and increased overreliance on employment as a source of income. The government should come up with ways make business startup process easy to achieve the vision (Hauhart 153). Conclusion The projection of the American dream has failed to be accomplished in almost all levels. People existing in the present generation are faced with many challenges that could have been addressed by the American dream. People are suffering in many ways while the gap between the poor and the rich have widened. The government that is supposed to protect everyone is siding with the rich in suppressing the poor. The reason for this is the fact that majority of those in the state is the rich and may fail to understand the struggles of the ordinary citizens. The fairness in education, health, religion, and ethnicity among others is yet to be achieved. Therefore, the American dream has failed in achieving its core objective. Works Cited Adams, James T. The Epic of America. 2017. Callahan, William A. Dreaming as a critical discourse of national belonging: China Dream, American Dream and world dream. Nations and Nationalism, vol. 23, no.? 2,? 2017, pp. 248-270. Canode, Jillian L. Hunting the American Dream. Supernatural and Philosophy, 2013, pp.? 74-82. Hauhart, Robert C. The American Dream Critically Examined. Seeking the American Dream, 2016, pp.? 135-155.